Medicine: Blood in urine; Heart failure

Blood in the urine that is visible only under a microscope is called microscopic haematuria. In an updated guideline, patients with microscopic haematuria are classified into three risk categories for cancer of the urinary tract. The most important change in the updated guideline is abandoning an imaging study, namely, CT urography, in all patients with microscopic haematuria. This new approach limits radiation and contrast agent exposure for the patients.

SGLT-2 inhibitors are a class of medicinal drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes, sometimes also known as adult-onset diabetes. It has been shown that SGLT-2 inhibitors also can help patients without type 2 diabetes. Three randomized clinical studies have shown that the clinical outcomes improve in patients with heart failure, whether or not diabetes is present.